home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- AMERICA ABROAD, Page 35Dealing with Anti-Countries
-
-
- By Strobe Talbott
-
-
- Finally, on his way out the door of the oval office, George
- Bush is getting serious about Somalia. In the way the U.S. is
- now responding, the President is affirming an important
- principle: once a country utterly loses its ability to govern
- itself, it also loses its claim to sovereignty and should
- become a ward of the United Nations.
-
- For nearly two years, while as many as half a million
- Somalis starved to death, the international community sought
- consent for famine relief from the leaders of warring clans, as
- though they represented their people's interests. In fact,
- these Mad Max characters have been conducting an experiment in
- anarchy. They have proved that there is an even worse fate for a
- nation than the most dictatorial regime imaginable, and that is
- the absence of any regime at all.
-
- The implosion of civil authority in Somalia has created a
- black hole that sucks in help from the outside and crushes it
- before it can do much good. Convoy drivers hijack their own
- cargoes. Relief workers, many of them volunteers and all of
- them unarmed, have been subjected to death threats, shakedowns,
- looting and kidnapping. "To send workers out there without
- defending them is immoral, pure and simple," said Frederick
- Cuny, an American disaster-management consultant.
-
- Somalia is not just a humanitarian disaster but a threat to
- peace in the region. Refugees are pouring into Kenya and
- Ethiopia, straining the fragile social, political and economic
- structures there. Until recently, the world seemed barely to
- care. The Horn of Africa is no longer the cockpit of East-West
- competition that it was during the cold war. In this respect
- too, Somalia has been a black hole -- a dark spot in the
- universe of the big powers' strategic concerns.
-
- As with the Iraqi Kurds in the spring of 1991, it was only
- after the media steadily bombarded Western sensibilities with
- images of starving Somali children that the U.S. and other
- governments stopped dithering and began to act. Says Brian
- Urquhart, a former Under Secretary-General of the U.N.:
- "Apparently we have to wait until TV and the press drive the
- world to take police action in these places."
-
- That point finally came last week with the U.N.'s action.
- But even if the security of the famine-relief operation is
- assured, Somalia will still be an anti-country: the victims of
- the warlords will merely be better fed.
-
- The logical and necessary next stage is for the U.N. to
- step in and run Somalia until there is once again a functioning
- government. There is a name for such an administration:
- trusteeship. There is authority for it under the U.N. charter as
- well as a mechanism within the bureaucracy called the
- Trusteeship Council. In Cambodia, the U.N. is already
- overseeing the government in Phnom Penh while it tries to disarm
- the warring factions and prepare the ground for elections next
- year.
-
- One difficulty with trusteeship is the word itself.
- Especially in Africa, it smacks of the white man's burden.
- After World War I, several of Germany's holdings in Africa
- became League of Nations mandates and then, after World War II,
- U.N. trust territories; but in reality they remained European
- colonies until they gained independence in the '60s.
-
- One of Bush's closest advisers envisions making Somalia an
- international "protectorate"; some U.N. officials speak of
- "receivership." Olara Otunnu, the former Foreign Minister of
- Uganda who is now president of the International Peace Academy
- in New York City, suggests the term "transitional arrangement,"
- since that would underscore the temporary nature of the
- takeover. He believes that the U.N. as a whole might accept the
- idea of superimposing itself on a member state "as long as it is
- seen as necessary to restore what has been lost -- namely,
- Somalia's status as a sovereign and independent country --
- rather than as taking that status away."
-
- Finding a euphemism for trusteeship is the only easy part
- of the task. The costs and risks are high. But so are the
- stakes. Somalia is humanity's burden. In addition to being an
- immense tragedy in its own right, the situation there is a
- paradigm of the tribal divisions that are proving to be the
- bane of the post-cold war era, and a challenge to our ability
- to cope with similar situations elsewhere. There are going to
- be plenty. In addition to Cambodia, there are at least two
- other cases where politics has given way to chaos. One is
- Liberia, which could turn out to be worse than Somalia since
- one-quarter of the population has already fled into neighboring
- states. The other is Bosnia-Herzegovina, where U.N. peacemakers
- would have to fight Serbian tanks and heavy artillery.
-
- In Somalia, by contrast, the enemy consists mostly of
- Toyota Land Cruisers manned by boys and mounted with recoilless
- rifles. If the U.N. cannot combat that threat to the new world
- order, then there will be no such thing.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-